Increase of the delayed rectifier K+ and Na(+)-K+ pump currents by hypotonic solutions in guinea pig cardiac myocytes.

To investigate the membrane current changes induced by membrane stretching, single guinea pig ventricular myocytes were superfused with solutions of various osmolarities, and the whole-cell current was recorded by the patch-clamp technique. The application of 70% and 130% osmolar bath solutions increased and decreased the amplitude of delayed rectifier K+ current (IK), respectively, whereas no obvious change was observed in the L-type Ca2+ current or the inward rectifier K+ current. When the Na(+)-K+ pump current (Ipump) was recorded by the use of high-Na+ (> 35 mmol/L) pipette solutions, Ipump was also increased and decreased by the superfusion of hypotonic and hypertonic solutions, respectively, in approximately half of the cells. An increase of the Ipump was also observed in the absence of external Na+, excluding a possibility that the enhancement of Ipump was secondary to an elevation of cytosolic Na+. In most cells that did not show the increase of Ipump, the hypotonic superfusion induced a gradual activation of Cl- current. The hypertonic superfusion did not cause any consistent change in the membrane Cl- conductance. Since the response of IK was observed in all experiments, its mechanism was studied. We failed to observe marked changes in the kinetic and conductance properties of IK in the hypotonic solution. The involvements of either the protein kinases or Ca2+ were also ruled out as major mechanisms underlying the IK response.